Recalcitrant Humeral Nonunion: Biological Reconstruction Technique
Abstract
Introduction: Nonunion of the humeral shaft occurs in between 2% and 10% of non-surgically treated fractures and up to 15% of fractures treated with initial open reduction and internal fixation. The definition of recalcitrant nonunion is still under debate. The purpose of this study is to present the outcomes of a series of patients with recalcitrant pseudarthrosis of the humerus who were treated with stable osteosynthesis combined with biological reconstruction using allograft utilizing a novel surgical approach. Materials and Methods: The series included 33 patients treated between 2012 and 2021. 20 women and 13 men, with a mean age of 65.4 years. The evolution time of recalcitrant pseudarthrosis was 33.3 months. The mean follow-up was 33.2 months. Results: Out of a total of 33 patients treated with this technique, 32 (97%) achieved a complete consolidation and one patient had a partial consolidation. The average consolidation period was 4.6 months and the complete osseointegration of the allograft was 8.1 months. For the functional evaluation, the visual analog scale (VAS), ASES score, Constant score and elbow motion arcs were taken into account. Conclusions: Even among experienced surgeons, the treatment of recalcitrant pseudarthrosis of the humerus remains an obstacle and an unsolved challenge. The use of a specialized osteosynthesis material added to a bone allograft fixed with screws significantly increases mechanical stability, allowing early range of motion, and works as an osteoinductive and osteoconductive scaffold, all of which are essential for consolidation.Downloads
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