Hip fracture in the elderly patient: Is the preoperative echocardiogram necessary?
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Published:
Jan 30, 2020
Keywords:
echocardiogram, surgical delay, Hip fracture
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: Hip fractures frequently occur in elderly patients with multiple medical comorbidities. The transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) is often performed as part of the preoperative evaluation. The main purpose of this study was to assess the impact on surgical delay of preoperative TTE in hip fracture inpatients.
Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective study in 40 hip fracture patients who underwent TTE during the preoperative evaluation. The control group was made up of 70 patients of similar ages and comorbidities (P>0,05). We studied the surgical delay, the guideline adherence rate (ACC/AHA), and the impact on perioperative management.
Results: The surgical delay was longer in the TTE group (P<0.01), the guideline adherence rate was 47.5% and the examination did not generate any changes in the perioperative management in 97.5% of the patients.
Conclusion: The request for the inpatient echocardiogram generates additional preoperative delays. Approximately half of our series was considered excessive TTE testing, which increases costs, and in patients in whom it is not indicated, TTE does not generate any changes in the perioperative management.
Level of Evidence: IV
Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective study in 40 hip fracture patients who underwent TTE during the preoperative evaluation. The control group was made up of 70 patients of similar ages and comorbidities (P>0,05). We studied the surgical delay, the guideline adherence rate (ACC/AHA), and the impact on perioperative management.
Results: The surgical delay was longer in the TTE group (P<0.01), the guideline adherence rate was 47.5% and the examination did not generate any changes in the perioperative management in 97.5% of the patients.
Conclusion: The request for the inpatient echocardiogram generates additional preoperative delays. Approximately half of our series was considered excessive TTE testing, which increases costs, and in patients in whom it is not indicated, TTE does not generate any changes in the perioperative management.
Level of Evidence: IV
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How to Cite
Cosini, F. N., Lulkin, E., Pereira, S., Gabriel, V., & Bidolegui, F. (2020). Hip fracture in the elderly patient: Is the preoperative echocardiogram necessary? . Revista De La Asociación Argentina De Ortopedia Y Traumatología, 85(1), 7-10. https://doi.org/10.15417/issn.1852-7434.2020.85.1.988
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Clinical Research
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References
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JBJS.16.01108
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4. Lefaivre KA, Macadam SA, Davidson DJ, Gandhi R, Chan H, Broekhuyse HM. Length of stay, mortality, morbidity and delay to surgery in hip fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2009;91(7):922-7. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.91B7.22446
5. Zuckerman JD. Hip fracture. New Engl J Med 1996;334:1519-25. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199606063342307
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org/10.1007/s00264-002-0404-y
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9. Morrison RS, Chassin MR, Siu AL. The medical consultant’s role in caring for patients with hip fracture. Ann Intern Med 1998;128(12 Pt 1):1010-20. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-12_part_1-199806150-00010
10. Fleisher LA, Fleischmann KE, Auerbach AD, Barnason SA, Beckman JA, Bozkurt B, et al.; American College of
Cardiology; American Heart Association. 2014 ACC/AHA guideline on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation
and management of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a report of the American College of Cardiology/
American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;64(22):e77-137. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.jacc.2014.07.944
11. Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in
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9681(87)90171-8
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13. Grimes JP, Gregory PM, Noveck H, Butler MS, Carson JL. The effects of time-to-surgery on mortality and
morbidity in patients following hip fracture. Am J Med 2002;112(9):702-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-
9343(02)01119-1
14. Al-Ani AN, Samuelsson B, Tidermark J, Norling A, Ekström W, Cederholm T, et al. Early operation on patients
with a hip fracture improved the ability to return to independent living. A prospective study of 850 patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2008;90:1436-42. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.G.00890
15. Orosz GM, Magaziner J, Hannan EL, Morrison RS, Koval K, Gilbert M, et al. Association of timing of surgery for
hip fracture and patient outcomes. JAMA 2004;291:738-43. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.291.14.1738
16. Murry J, Truitt MS, Mani U, Patel N, Aramoonie A, Dunn EL. Have echocardiograms affected recommended therapy in geriatric trauma patients. J Trauma Nurs 2014;21(4):150-2. https://doi.org/10.1097/JTN.0000000000000056
17. Marcantonio A, Steen B, Kain M, Bramlett KJ, Tilzey JF, Iorio R. The clinical and economic impact of preoperative transthoracic echocardiography in elderly patients with hip fractures. Bull Hosp Jt Dis 2015;73(4):239-42. PMID: 26630466
18. Luttrell K, Nana A. Effect of preoperative transthoracic echocardiogram on mortality and surgical timing in elderly adults with hip fracture. J Am Geriatr Soc 2015;63(12):2505-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13840
2. Adair C, Swart E, Seymour R, Patt J, Karunakar MA. Clinical Practice Guidelines Decrease Unnecessary
Echocardiograms Before Hip Fracture Surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2017;99:676-80. https://doi.org/10.2106/
JBJS.16.01108
3. Casaletto J,A Gatt R. Post-operative mortality related to waiting time for hip fracture surgery. Injury 2004;35:114-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-1383(03)00210-9
4. Lefaivre KA, Macadam SA, Davidson DJ, Gandhi R, Chan H, Broekhuyse HM. Length of stay, mortality, morbidity and delay to surgery in hip fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2009;91(7):922-7. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.91B7.22446
5. Zuckerman JD. Hip fracture. New Engl J Med 1996;334:1519-25. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199606063342307
6. Jain R, Basinski A, Kreder HJ. Nonoperative treatment of hip fractures. Int Orthop 2003;27(1):11-17. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s00264-002-0404-y
7. Ricci WM, Della Rocca GJ, Combs C, Borrelli J. The medical and economic impact of preoperative cardiac testing in elderly patients with hip fractures. Injury 2007;38 Suppl 3:S49-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2007.08.011
8. Sherk HH, Snape WJ, Loprete FL. Internal fixation versus nontreatment of hip fractures in senile patients. Clin
Orthop 1979;141:196-8. PMID: 477105
9. Morrison RS, Chassin MR, Siu AL. The medical consultant’s role in caring for patients with hip fracture. Ann Intern Med 1998;128(12 Pt 1):1010-20. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-12_part_1-199806150-00010
10. Fleisher LA, Fleischmann KE, Auerbach AD, Barnason SA, Beckman JA, Bozkurt B, et al.; American College of
Cardiology; American Heart Association. 2014 ACC/AHA guideline on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation
and management of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a report of the American College of Cardiology/
American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;64(22):e77-137. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.jacc.2014.07.944
11. Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in
longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis 1987;40(5):373-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-
9681(87)90171-8
12. Charlson ME, Charlson RE, Paterson JC, Marinopoulos SS, Briggs WM, Hollenberg JP. The Charlson comorbidity index is adapted to predict costs of chronic disease in primary care patients. J Clin Epidemiol 2008;61(12): 1234-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.01.006
13. Grimes JP, Gregory PM, Noveck H, Butler MS, Carson JL. The effects of time-to-surgery on mortality and
morbidity in patients following hip fracture. Am J Med 2002;112(9):702-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-
9343(02)01119-1
14. Al-Ani AN, Samuelsson B, Tidermark J, Norling A, Ekström W, Cederholm T, et al. Early operation on patients
with a hip fracture improved the ability to return to independent living. A prospective study of 850 patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2008;90:1436-42. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.G.00890
15. Orosz GM, Magaziner J, Hannan EL, Morrison RS, Koval K, Gilbert M, et al. Association of timing of surgery for
hip fracture and patient outcomes. JAMA 2004;291:738-43. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.291.14.1738
16. Murry J, Truitt MS, Mani U, Patel N, Aramoonie A, Dunn EL. Have echocardiograms affected recommended therapy in geriatric trauma patients. J Trauma Nurs 2014;21(4):150-2. https://doi.org/10.1097/JTN.0000000000000056
17. Marcantonio A, Steen B, Kain M, Bramlett KJ, Tilzey JF, Iorio R. The clinical and economic impact of preoperative transthoracic echocardiography in elderly patients with hip fractures. Bull Hosp Jt Dis 2015;73(4):239-42. PMID: 26630466
18. Luttrell K, Nana A. Effect of preoperative transthoracic echocardiogram on mortality and surgical timing in elderly adults with hip fracture. J Am Geriatr Soc 2015;63(12):2505-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13840